[2] At 08:40 UTC on August 24, Andrew struck Elliott Key as a Category 5 hurricane, with winds of 165 mph (266 km/h) and a pressure of 926 mbar (27.34 inHg). [23] Several tropical storm and hurricane warnings were issued for much of Central and South Florida, from Titusville on the east coast to Venice on the west coast. [74], Across the state, the hurricane damaged 23,000 homes and destroyed 985 homes and 1,951 mobile homes; private property damage was estimated at $1 billion. [8] As the high pressure system to its north weakened, a strong mid-latitude trough approached the area from the northwest. The season officially began on June 1, 1992, and lasted until November 30, 1992. On the roof of some homes, the concrete tiles were glued to felt paper, which could easily be ripped by straight line winds. [36] Nine shelters were opened in the city, which were occupied by thousands of people. [29] Major airports such as the Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood,[29] Key West,[30] Miami,[19] and Palm Beach international airports closed. [2] A total of 800 houses were destroyed, leaving 1,700 people homeless. [74] Strong winds also left at least 230,000 people without electricity. [76] During the storm's passage, upwelling occurred in the Atchafalaya Basin and Bayou Lafourche, killing 187 million freshwater fish. [111] Prior to Andrew, the base employed approximately 6,500 military personnel and 1,000 civilians and annually added about $450 million to the local economy. [8] Andrew weakened rapidly as it turned to the north and northeast, falling to tropical storm intensity within 10 hours. [86][87], Initially, the Bahamas National Disaster Coordinator believed that foreign aid was not required, but shortly after the storm, the Government of the United Kingdom began distributing blankets, food, ice, and water. Early in the morning on August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew made its first U.S. landfall along the eastern coast of the Florida Peninsula. [83] Additionally, a possible tornado damaged a home and two trailers in Lawrence County. Included in the warnings were Lake Okeechobee and all of the Florida Keys. However, Chiles was able to recover prior to the 1994 gubernatorial election. [2][56] At the height of the storm, more than 1.4 million people lost electricity and another 150,000 were without telephone service. Additionally, of the homes destroyed or severely damaged throughout Dade County, 36,000 had been restored by July 1994. [126] Consequently, the Hispanic population in south Dade County climbed rapidly. [60] Damage to the base was extensive enough that it was recommended for closure. [117], More than 930,000 policyholders in South Florida lost coverage after 11 insurance companies went bankrupt, caused by more than 600,000 insurance claims filed. Hurricane Andrew poses a daunting test for the agency that coordinates Federal disaster relief programs, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which was … [45] The storm first struck North Eleuthera,[46] where it produced a high storm surge. The early stages of the storm that would become Hurricane Andrew began on August 16, 1992, with a tropical wave moving from the west … Hurricane Andrew’s intensity for most of its over-water life cycle were based primarily upon an adjustment of aircraft reconnaissance flight-level winds to the surface. Aren't big tropical cyclones also intense tropical cyclones? [48] Rebuilding began quickly on the hardest hit islands. Storm surge left coastal flooding in some areas, especially along state roads A1A and 858. [102] The Government of Canada dispatched a team 90 military engineers to repair community centers, hospitals, and schools. It [2] In the forecast issued six hours after becoming a hurricane, the cyclone was predicted to make landfall near Jupiter, Florida, with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) on August 25. [129] Efforts have been made to curb the thriving population of these invasive snakes, including a ban on importation of the species to the United States since January 2012 and increased regulations on ownership of a boa constrictor or python. "[122], The hurricane also transformed the demographics of Dade County. [8] As it crossed over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream, the hurricane rapidly re-intensified as the eye decreased in size and its eyewall convection deepened. [2] Advance warning was credited for the low death toll in the country. [2] The storm's remnants continued moving towards the northeast, fully merging with the remnants of Hurricane Lester and the frontal zone over the Mid-Atlantic, in Pennsylvania, on August 29. All watches and warnings were discontinued on August 24. [2] Offshore, a group of six fishermen from Alabama drowned. [95] Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay flew over the impact area and described the scene as looking "like a war zone". It was the strongest landfalling hurricane in decades and the costliest hurricane to make landfall anywhere in the United States, until it was surpassed by Katrina in 2005. The state National Guard also dispatched water purification units and tanks with filled potable water. Passing directly through the city of Homestead in Dade County (now known as Miami-Dade County), Andrew stripped many homes of all but their concrete foundations. Category 5 Hurricane Andrew tore into South Florida on August 24, 1992, 17 years after the previous landfall of a major hurricane in that state. Eventually, the plywood and the trusses suffered structural failure, leading to roof collapses. [2], The hurricane accelerated westward into an area of highly favorable conditions, and began to rapidly intensify late on August 22; in a 24‑hour period the atmospheric pressure dropped by 47 mbar (1.388 inHg) to a minimum of 922 mbar (27.23 inHg). Andrew passed directly through Homestead, Florida and completely disseminated several blocks of houses, stripping them down to their foundations. [124] The population growth was especially noticeable in southwestern Broward County, where land development was pushed "years ahead of schedule". [21] At a small village in the northwestern portion of the island, more than half of the houses were destroyed and the rest of the buildings sustained minor to major damage. Despite reconstruction efforts and the small number of resort lodgings affected (around 2%), officials expected a 10–20% decline in tourism. [63] Four of the five condominiums at Naranja Lakes were destroyed. [37] The city later decided against ordering an evacuation. [135] About 1,300 National Guardsmen were deployed to southern Louisiana. [2] At least 75 injuries were reported. Almost immediately, President Bush promised, "Help is on the way," and mobile kitchens, food, and tents, along with over 20,000 units from the Florida Army National Guard (124th Infantry Regiment from Florida); the 24th Infantry Division from Fort Stewart, the 82nd Airborne Division in Fort Bragg, logistical support soldiers from the 1st Corps Support Command's (189th Maintenance Battalion)(Fort Bragg) and the 10th Mountain Division from Fort Drum. Several hours later, the hurricane emerged over the Gulf of Mexico at Category 4 strength, with the Gulf Coast of the United States in its dangerous path. [92], The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was criticized for its slow response in both Florida and Louisiana. After the tiles or shingles were peeled off, the plywood and prefabricated trusses were exposed to the weather. A ridge of high pressure to its north caused the wave to move quickly westward. [21][48] In addition, assistance came from Canada, Japan, and the United States, as well as the United Nations. [26] Overall, almost 1.2 million people evacuated, which contributed to the low number of fatalities, despite the intensity of the storm. With 23,000 houses damaged, 985 others destroyed, and 1,951 mobile homes demolished, property losses in Louisiana exceeded $1.5 billion. Hurricane Andrew reviews the environmental conditions that conspire to cause a hurricane, the special mix of weather patterns that caused Hurricane Andrew to grow with such force in August 1992, and the cost of the disaster in [64][98] Initially, the slow response of federal aid prompted Dade County Emergency Management Director Kate Hale to famously exclaim at a nationally televised news conference, "Where in the hell is the cavalry on this one? [2] In Tennessee, thunderstorm winds and tornadoes associated with Andrew downed trees and power lines, but caused little overall impact to homes and buildings. [62] Further north, damage to poorly constructed homes in communities such as Country Walk and Saga Bay resembled that of an F3 tornado, as winds in the area were estimated to have ranged from 130 to 150 mph (210 to 240 km/h), below the threshold for an F3 tornado. Andrew making landfall in south Florida http://img206.imageshack.us/img206/1287/88875256fk3.jpg FormationAugust 16, 1992 Dissipation August 28, 1992 Highest winds 175 mph Lowest pressure 922 mbar Deaths 26 direct, 39 indirect Damages $26.5 billion (1992 USD) Areas affectedBahamas, Florida, Louisiana, southern United States Part of the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season About 25 minutes after its first Florida landfall, Andrew made another landfall just northeast of Homestead, with a slightly lower pressure of 922 mbar (27.23 inHg). Similarly, in North Carolina, thunderstorm winds toppled trees and power lines at a number of locations in the mountainous areas of the state, especially in Avery County. [8] This barometric pressure made Andrew the most intense hurricane to strike the United States since Hurricane Camille in 1969 and the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in Florida since the Labor Day hurricane of 1935. However, trees and vegetation were expected to take years to recover. Difficulty during clean-up and recovery led to increased divorce rates and a spike in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Even a month prior to Andrew, the House Committee on Appropriations – which oversees the budget for FEMA – released a report calling the agency a "political dumping ground" and a "turkey farm" due to its "weak, inexperienced leaders". Several counties in the northwest and west-central portions of the state reported downed trees and tree limbs and fallen power lines, causing scattered power outages, but structural damage was generally minor. The wave moved westward at about 20 kt, steered by [25] As Andrew was approaching, an estimated 20,000–30,000 tourists were in the Florida Keys (Monroe County). Throughout the parish, 1,367 dwellings were destroyed, 2,028 were severely damaged, and 4,770 others were impacted to a minor degree. [32], In Louisiana, Governor Edwin Edwards declared a state of emergency. [8], Bahamas Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham, who took office while the storm was active, urged residents to "take this hurricane seriously". Over 80% of trees in the Atchafalaya River basin were downed, and the agriculture there was devastated. The storm came to be known as "The Big One," according to the HistoryMiami Museum’s website. [67] The county suffered the vast majority of the damage from the hurricane, totaling approximately $25 billion. [2], Elsewhere, effects were relatively minimal, except in Broward, Monroe, and Collier counties. Prior to making landfall in Louisiana on August 26, Andrew caused extensive damage to oil platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, leading to $500 million in losses for oil companies. In total, Andrew destroyed more than 63,500 houses, damaged more than 124,000 others, caused $27.3 billion in damage,[nb 1] and left 65 people dead. The paper also indicated that Andrew briefly re-intensified into a Category 5 hurricane around the time of landfall in South Florida early on August 24. [7] This underestimated both the strength and the speed of the storm, which would eventually make landfall in South Florida. [88], After assessing the devastation in Florida and Louisiana, U.S. President George H. W. Bush initially proposed a $7.1 billion aid package to provide disaster benefits, small-business loans, agricultural recovery, food stamps, and public housing for victims of Hurricane Andrew. [49] At the capital city of Nassau, sustained winds reached 92 mph (148 km/h), while gusts up to 115 mph (185 km/h) were reported. Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms. Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricane Andrew, 1992. A sampling of 378 adolescents by the University of South Carolina's Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics indicated that 3% of males and 9% of females met the criteria for PTSD. [34] A mandatory evacuation from Grand Isle was ordered by Mayor Andy Valence and the city council. [37] The Comal County chapter of the Red Cross placed their disaster alert teams on standby and ready to respond if the hurricane threatened the Corpus Christi area. Some FEMA officials responded that it was impossible to respond as they had been requested while also continuing to provide aid for the Los Angeles riots. Additionally, the bill allowed South Floridians to keep an estimated $500 million in sales tax generated by rebuilding efforts. Rainfall from Andrew spread across the southeastern United States along the Appalachian Mountains corridor; totals of over 5 in (125 mm) were reported where Georgia and South Carolina meet North Carolina. Reconstruction then began on a Florida Air National Guard tower, air traffic control tower, and maintenance hangars. Strong winds damaged billboards, awnings, commercial signs, several boats, planes, trees,[30] and 1,500 homes, with 300 of those becoming uninhabitable. Next, the rebuilding of communications, medical, security facility, vehicle maintenance, and wing headquarters buildings began. Additionally, looting occurred in neighborhoods severely affected by the storm, even in homes where few possessions remained. [78] The storm damaged 241 oil and gas facilities and toppled 33 platforms off the coast of Louisiana,[79] causing significant disruptions in production. [73] Collectively, 14 tornadoes were reported in the parishes of Ascension, Iberville, Pointe Coupee, and Avoyelles, as well as in Baton Rouge. [19], Initially, forecasters predicted tides up to 14 ft (4.3 m) above normal along the east coast of Florida, near the potential location of landfall. It produced hurricane-force winds along its path through Louisiana, damaging large stretches of power lines that left about 230,000 people without electricity. It also provided an unprecedented laboratory for Strong winds from the storm were confined to a relatively small area, stretching from Key Largo to the Miami Beach area. [39] Emergency management crews in Corpus Christi began testing emergency generators and severe weather gear. [130][131], On August 26, George H. W. Bush toured devastated areas of Louisiana with Governor Edwin Edwards. Additionally, 75% of voters in Dade County and 82% of Floridians overall stated that the president's actions in response to Andrew would not impact their vote in November. [6] An eye formed, and Andrew attained hurricane status early on August 22, about 650 mi (1,050 km) east-southeast of Nassau, Bahamas. [33], Tropical storm force wind gusts and damaging tornadoes extended eastward into Georgia. At the Columbus Metropolitan Airport, buildings, billboards, and signs were damaged. ハリケーン・アンドリュー（Hurricane Andrew）は、1992年にアメリカ合衆国に大きな被害をもたらしたハリケーン。上陸時にも「カテゴリー5」に分類される強い勢力を誇った[1]。1992年のハリケーンシーズンの中で最初に命名されたハリケーンでもある[2]。, アンドリューはバハマ北西部、続いてフロリダ州南部のマイアミ、ルイジアナ州南西部のMorgan Cityを襲った。フロリダ州南部を中心に265億ドルの経済被害を生じた。上陸時の気圧はアメリカ史上4番目に低い値を示し、経済損失は2005年にハリケーン・カトリーナに抜かれるまでアメリカ史上最大であった。死者は65人。, 8月14日、偏東風によるtropical waveがアフリカ沖から離れ、気圧の尾根の影響を受けてtropical waveはすぐに西向きとなる。対流域はtropical waveの軸に沿ってカーボベルデの南へ進んだ。8月15日には気象学者がDvorak techniqueを用いて解析を始めた。雷雨活動はより局所的になり、渦状の降雨帯も発達した。8月16日にはバルバドスの東南東2600kmの場所にあったと推定されている。[3], はじめは偏東風に乗って時速33kmで西北西に進んでいた。8月17日、トロピカルストーム・アンドリューと定義されたが、まだ乱気流の影響で発達は抑えられていた。8月18日になると局所性を保ったまま中心付近の風速は24m/sに発達し[4]、その後進路を北西に変える[5]。8月19日には航空観測も行われており、8月20日には航空高度において風速36m/sを維持していることを明らかにした。気圧の谷や、アメリカ南東部に位置した高気圧の影響で、アンドリューは再び進路を西に変える。8月22日早くにアンドリューに目が生まれ、バハマのナッソーの東南東1040kmの場所でハリケーンの状態（地上または海上での風速32.7m/s以上）になった[3]。, アンドリューがハリケーンになって6時間後、フロリダ州のジュピターに45m/sの風を伴って上陸するとの予想が出された。その後急激に発達し、24時間で気圧は47hPaも低下して、8月22日遅くには中心気圧は922hPaとなった（最低気圧）。8月23日にはサファ・シンプソン・ハリケーン・スケールで「カテゴリー5」に分類された。同日18:00(UTC)にはバハマのエルーセラ島付近で風速は78m/sに達した[6]。しかしハリケーンの大きさ（範囲）はむしろ小さく、風速35m/s以上の範囲は中心から半径150km以内であった[7]。その後アンドリューはバハマ堆で勢力を弱め、8月24日01:00(UTC)には中心付近の風速67m/sの勢力でベリー諸島に直撃した[6]。しかしフロリダ海峡を流れるメキシコ湾流で再び勢力を強め、風速75m/s、中心気圧926hPaの勢力でFlorida Keysを通過[6]。その25分後に風速67m/sでフロリダ本土に初上陸した。, フロリダ上陸後はいくぶん勢力を弱めたものの目ははっきりと確認できる状態だった。フロリダ半島を4時間で横断し、風速60m/sの勢力でメキシコ湾に入った[3]。ここで再び勢力を強め、8月25日遅くには風速65m/sとなった。8月26日08:30(UTC)には、ルイジアナ州Morgan Cityの西30kmの地点に再上陸した。その後は進路を北から東北に変え、急速に勢力を弱めて10時間後にトロピカルストーム（風速32.6m/s以下）に変わった。ミシシッピ州に入るとさらに勢力は弱まり、8月27日早く、トロピカルディプレッション（風速17.1m/s以下）になった。8月28日昼ごろにはアパラチア山脈に至り、熱帯低気圧の条件を満たさなくなった[3]。, アンドリューはカテゴリー5の状態でバハマを通過した[6]。エレーセラ島では計器が壊れる前に62m/sの風速を記録している。また同島では7mの高潮を観測している。バハマでは4人が死亡、2.5億米ドルの被害が生じた[3]。, 竜巻研究の権威である藤田哲也は、マイアミ南部のHomesteadの被害状況を調査した際、単に一方向から吹き続ける風というよりも竜巻のような風の渦によって大きな被害がもたらされたと結論付けた。また、フロリダ州では最大5.2mの高潮を生じた。ただしアンドリューは移動速度が速かったため、降水はフロリダ州南東部に限られた。, 多くのハリケーンと異なり、フロリダは暴風によって被害が拡大した。フロリダ州の農業被害額は10.4億米ドルである[8][9]。, フロリダ州南部のマイアミ・デイド郡では90%の家屋で屋根が損壊し、117,000戸が全壊ないし大きな損壊を受けた[9]。, ターキー・ポイント原子力発電所では、貯水タンクや煙突を中心に9000万米ドルの被害が生じた。ただし原子炉建屋は風速115m/sの風にも耐えられるように建てられていたため被害はなかった。, アメリカ空軍のHomestead参謀空軍基地は、アンドリューの上陸地点に近かったこともあり完全閉鎖に追い込まれた。後に一部復旧し、予備の基地として利用されているが、航空機と隊員はイタリアのAviano空軍基地に移された。, 9月6日にジョー・ロビー・スタジアムで行われる予定だったNFLのマイアミ・ドルフィンズ対ニューイングランド・ペイトリオッツの試合は延期された[10]。, キャロル (Carol) • エドナ (Edna) • ヘイゼル (Hazel) • コニー (Connie) • ダイアン (Diane) • アイオン (Ione) • ジャネット (Janet) • オードリー (Audrey), ドナ (Donna) • カーラ (Carla) • ハティ (Hattie) • フローラ (Flora) • クレオ (Cleo) • ドラ (Dora) • ヒルダ (Hilda) • ベッツィ (Betsy) • イネズ (Inez) • ベウラ (Beulah) • カミール (Camille), セリア (Celia) • アグネス (Agnes) • カルメン (Carmen) • フィフィ (Fifi) • エロイース (Eloise) • アニータ (Anita) • デイビッド (David) • フレデリック (Frederic), アレン (Allen) • アリシア (Alicia) • エレナ (Elena) • グロリア (Gloria) • ギルバート (Gilbert) • ジョーン (Joan) • ヒューゴ (Hugo), ダイアナ (Diana) • クラウス (Klaus) • ボブ (Bob) • アンドリュー (Andrew) • ルイス (Luis) • マリリン (Marilyn) • オパール (Opal) • ロクサーヌ (Roxanne) • セザール (Cesar) • フラン (Fran) • ホーテンス (Hortense) • ジョージ (Georges) • ミッチ (Mitch) • フロイド (Floyd) • レニー (Lenny), キース (Keith) • アリソン (Allison) • アイリス (Iris) • ミシェル (Michelle) • イシドール (Isidore) • リリー (Lili) • ファビアン (Fabian) • イザベル (Isabel) • ジュアン (Juan) • チャーリー (Charley) • フランシス (Frances) • アイバン (Ivan) • ジーン (Jeanne) • デニス (Dennis) • カトリーナ (Katrina) • リタ (Rita) • スタン (Stan) • ウィルマ (Wilma) • ディーン (Dean) • フェリックス (Felix) • ノエル (Noel) • グスタフ (Gustav) • アイク (Ike) • パロマ (Paloma), イゴール (Igor) • トーマス (Tomas) • アイリーン (Irene) • サンディ(Sandy) • イングリッド (Ingrid) • エリカ (Erika) • ホアキン (Joaquin) • マシュー (Matthew) • オットー (Otto) • ハービー (Harvey) • イルマ (Irma) • マリア (Maria) • ネイト (Nate) • フローレンス (Florence) • マイケル (Michael). In parts of southern Florida, Andrew produced severe winds; a wind gust of 177 mph (282 km/h) was observed at a house in Perrine. [71] The storm destroyed 80 mobile homes and severely damaged 400 others. Many boats were damaged or destroyed by the rough seas and strong winds. The August 1992 landfall of an intense category 4 hurricane named Andrew in southern Florida served as a sobering reminder of the real threat that hurricanes can pose to society. [70] Storm surge flooded low-lying areas, particularly in Goodland, Everglades City, and Marco Island. The twelfth named storm and seventh hurricane of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season, Lester formed on August 20 from a tropical wave southwest of Mexico.. The cities of Florida City, Homestead, Cutler Ridge and parts of Kendall received the brunt of the storm. [3] Initially, moderate wind shear prevented strengthening, until a decrease in shear allowed the depression to intensify into Tropical Storm Andrew at 12:00 UTC on August 17. Damage to the fishing industry was estimated at $266 million. However, Green also criticized local officials for expecting "them [FEMA] to come and run the whole show". Hurricane Andrew was a powerful and destructive Category 5 Atlantic hurricane that struck the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana in August 1992. In addition, Andrew is on… [2] News reports indicated severe damage to 36 houses on Harbor Island. It is the most destructive hurricane to ever hit Florida in terms of structures damaged or destroyed, and was the costliest in financial terms until Hurricane Irma surpassed it 25 years later. [85] The rainfall caused flooding in low-lying areas and creeks, covering a few county roads but not entering many houses or businesses. [79] Initially, a production loss of 240,000 to 270,000 barrels per day occurred – approximately one-third of production throughout the Gulf of Mexico. [10] At 21:00 UTC on August 23, Andrew made landfall on Eleuthera as a Category 5 hurricane, with winds of 160 mph (260 km/h). 出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』. [2] Of the 44 deaths attributed to the storm, 15 were direct fatalities, while 29 were indirectly caused by the storm. It is the third-strongest hurricane to hit the U.S. mainland by wind speed (165 mph). [110], Although proposals to rebuild Homestead Air Force Base were initially rejected,[61] the United States Department of Defense eventually expended over $100 million to begin repairs. [65] More than 50 streets were blocked by fallen trees and power lines. [73] Before making landfall, Andrew spawned an F3 tornado in LaPlace, which killed two people and injured 32. Berwick High School, sheltering about 2,000 people, was deroofed during the storm. One of just three Category 5 … Congressman S. William Green of New York, a member of the Appropriations Committee, stated that he believed the agency learned little from its botched response to Hurricane Hugo in 1989. [33] Heavy rains accompanied the storm's passage through the state, peaking at 11.02 in (280 mm) in Robert. One tornado in Kemper County destroyed a mobile home, while another twister in Lauderdale County demolished a mobile home, damaged five other dwellings, and injured four people. Satellite pictures and upper-air data indicate that Hurricane Andrew formed from a tropical wavethat crossed from the west coast of Africa to the tropical North Atlantic Ocean on 14 August 1992. [2], By early August 18, the storm maintained convection near the center with spiral bands to its west as the winds increased to 50 mph (80 km/h). [116] Nearly two years after Andrew, about 70% of homes in Homestead that were damaged or destroyed were repaired or rebuilt. [137], Hurricane Andrew at peak intensity near the. [32], In Texas, about 250,000 people evacuated Orange and Jefferson counties. The twister also tossed and wrecked a recreational vehicle and its trailer, downed trees, and flattened cornfields. Tropical Storm Andrew Discussion Thirteen, A Re-Analysis of Hurricane Andrew's Intensity. [104] Bush went on to carry the state of Florida, but by a margin of only 1.89%. Accelerating northeastward, the depression began merging with the approaching frontal system, and by midday on August 28, Andrew had lost its tropical identity while located over the southern Appalachian Mountains. The meteorological history of Hurricane Andrew, the strongest tropical cyclone of the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season, lasted from mid to late August 1992. Andrew left four dead and $250 million in damage throughout the Bahamas. [2] Convection became more organized as upper-level outflow became better established. Many residents evacuated, most voluntarily, from Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Lee, Martin, Dade, Monroe, Palm Beach, and Sarasota counties. The 1992 Atlantic hurricane season was a way below average hurricane season that had one of the latest dates on record for the first named storm. [40], Though Andrew was a small tropical cyclone for most of its lifespan, it caused extreme damage, especially in the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana. [32] In response to computer simulations showing that storm surge from a tropical cyclone like Hurricane Andrew could over-top the levees, workers closed 111 floodgates. It moved quickly westward, steered by a warm core high to its north. [127], During the storm, a facility housing Burmese pythons was destroyed, allowing many of them to escape into the Everglades. It was reported that the winds' velocity was up to 164 miles per hour. An area of convection developed along the wave axis to the south of the Cape Verde islands, and on August 15, meteorologists began classifying the system with the Dvorak technique. [109] Within six months, the circumstances related to the aftermath of Andrew led to at least five suicides and four homicides. Hurricane Andrew formed from a tropical wave on August 16, 1992 in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. [2] In the Gulf of Mexico, the eye remained well-defined as the hurricane turned to the west-northwest, a change due to the weakening of the ridge to its north. [2] In Collier County, to the north of the storm's path, sustained winds up to 98 mph (158 km/h) were observed in Chokoloskee. Despite this, the Cleveland Indians, fearing the relocation of their more affluent fans, moved their spring training location to Chain of Lakes Park in Winter Haven. An indirect death is defined as a fatality that can be linked to the hurricane, but not caused by its direct effects. [89] Instead of raising taxes, Chiles signed a bill into law on December 17 that created a three-year reserve fund for losses to uninsured businesses and homes, as well as government and school buildings and functions. "[93] Some responsibility for the slow response must rest with Florida Governor Lawton Chiles, who waited five days to submit the formal request for Federal assistance that FEMA officials believed was required before they were empowered to act. [47] Harbour Island, near Eleuthera, reported wind gusts of 138 mph (222 km/h) – the strongest gust speed observed in the Bahamas during Andrew's passage. [66] Agriculture suffered extensively as well, with an 85% loss to fruit crops such as avocados, limes, and mangoes. [28] Many colleges and universities in southeast Florida also closed. This caused the hurricane to decelerate to the northwest, and winds decreased as Andrew approached the Gulf Coast of the United States. Hurricane Andrew had humble beginnings, starting as a tropical wave off the west coast of Africa on Aug. 14, 1992. It was later noted that if Andrew had been slightly larger or had made landfall a few miles further north, it would have significantly affected Miami and Fort Lauderdale, which would have resulted in an even higher damage and death toll. [123] Similar migration occurred within the Jewish community. Two run-offs for special legislative elections scheduled for August 25 were postponed. One death occurred in the parish due to electrocution. Then Andrew arrived, the most expensive natural disaster in … [2], Due to the hurricane's threat, workers fled oil platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, while the Coast Guard moved their boats inland. [2][73] The tornado was on the ground for about 10 minutes, during which it damaged or destroyed 163 structures, leaving 60 families homeless. Outside of the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana, effects were widespread, although damage was minimal. [52] Some estimates in Florida put the damage as high as $34 billion (1992 USD, $61.9 billion 2021 USD). Hurricane Andrew was a small yet very intense Cape Verde-type storm that affected the Bahamas, South Florida, and South Louisiana with unprecedented damage (click here for an interactive track). The storm was found to have been slightly stronger than originally assessed while approaching Louisiana, but the landfall winds were decreased from 120 mph (195 km/h) to 115 mph (185 km/h). [114][115] As homes were being rebuilt, FEMA provided free temporary mobile homes for 3,501 families and financial assistance to more than 40,000 other families for staying in hotel rooms, paying rent, and repairing homes. All watches and warnings on the Gulf Coast were discontinued late on August 26 after the hurricane moved inland over Louisiana. On Current Island, the hurricane destroyed 24 of the 30 houses. [108] A panel of psychiatrists and psychologists at the University of Miami agreed that as many as 90% of residents in the worst impacted areas would experience at least a few symptoms of PTSD. The American Red Cross delivered 100 tents, 100 rolls of plastic sheeting, and 1,000 cots. Hurricane Andrew was a powerful and destructive Category 5 Atlantic hurricane that struck the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana in August 1992. Property damage alone in St. Mary Parish reached approximately $150 million. Andrew first inflicted structural damage as it moved through the Bahamas, especially in Cat Cays, lashing the islands with storm surge, hurricane-force winds, and tornadoes. After the initial hurricane watch from Mobile, Alabama, to Sabine Pass, Texas, the watches and warnings were expanded to eventually include areas from Mobile, Alabama, to Freeport, Texas. [106], In the aftermath of the storm, extensive psychological effects were documented. 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