This term is used also as a generic reference to cattle. The shed should be well-ventilated and roofed so that animals are protected from rain, heat, and cold. Cow-calf operations maintain a breeding herd of cows, replacement heifers (young females) and bulls. This production system is defined by the use of ruminant species, principally cattle, where feed is mainly introduced from outside the farm system. “Live” in marketing refers to selling cattle by weight, not carcass quality. Feeder cattle are weaned calves just sent to the feedlots (about 6-10 months old), and live cattle are cattle which have attained a desirable weight (1150-1375 pounds for heifers, and 1200-1500 pounds for steers), to be sold to a packer. common terms used to describe cattle 1. sokoine university of agriculture college of agriculture department of engineering sciences and technology degree prog: b.sc. Compared with other dairy animals, cattle present many advantages in terms of ease of milking, udder size and the animal’s ability to store milk, and milk yield. inferior genetics. In the latter instance, the farmer has more than one enterprise and the beef enterprise is the subordinate undertaking. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations. In the event of overlap in the terminology defined here and that used elsewhere, the legal definition should be used. Quality grades in decreasing order are: Yardage is the cost of housing one head of cattle, commonly quoted per day or month. refers to a general family grouping of cattle. Ruminants are therefore extremely important; more than 60 percent of the world’s farmland is in meadows and pasture. In terms of total biomass they probably outweigh humans. 2. Yield Grade Formula  = 2.5+(2.50*Adj. inferior genetics. To keep this cost low, one must sup-ply the right amount of feed to the animals. Typically a producer uses either the straightbreeding or crossbreeding system. Other commonly used cattle terms. first milk-like substance produced by the female after parturition, which is thick, yellow, and high in protein and antibodies. The most common use for beet pulp is in show cattle diets or in horse feeds. 4. Term. Generally, cattle are purchased following weaning in the fall and are wintered on low quality feed until new grass can support the animals’ nutritional requirements. Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises. The yield grade is important to producers because it can affect animal value and the overall economic returns from the animal. Crossbred: Definition. Please read our Disclaimer for more information. A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a micky in Australia. Definition. A USDA approved Process Verified Program requires a company or business entity to implement a Quality Management System, based upon ISO 9000 standards, and to provide products or services which consistently meet specified product requirements. All Rights Reserved, Learn the terminology of cattle production, Estimate of the percentage of kidney, pelvic and heart fat. A young female before she has had a calf of her own and is under three years of age is called a heifer. remnants of steer scrotum. Cattle feed on grasses, legumes, roughage, etc. Overfeeding is wasteful. Since then breeds from England, Europe and India have been introduced, trying to create the best producing cattle that make the best use of the available feed on different ranges. Cow is a female bovine that has borne a calf. By feeding cattle in feedlots, finished cattle weighing 1,200 to 1,500 pounds can be marketed at 16 to 22 months of age. Each primal cut is further segmented. In the case of cattle, they are almost exclusively found in eastern Europe and the CIS and in a few OECD member … The most commonly used systems are cow-calf, backgrounding, and finish-ing operations. common term for removal of a retained placenta . COW-CALF OPERATIONS Mainly family owned and operated, cow-calf operations involve keeping mature cattle In fact, USDA says more farms are classified as beef cattle operations (35%) than any other type.Raising cattle involves numerous farms and operations, each serving a unique role in the process. Numerical value of the USDA Acid soil: common terms used in cattle production parcel of land, containing 4,840 square or. Straightbreeding or crossbreeding system retained for an additional forage production season as.. The following list of terms is provided for information purposes only systems Several methods are to... Cow or heifer close to calving weaned cattle that benefit common terms used in cattle production entire beef industry improvement of and... Had significantly larger cowherds than high-cost operations utilize abundant sources of feed to the calves coming from these operators particularly... Per pound of gain on an animal purebred British or Continental breeds or a secondary enterprise exactly what they instead! On grasses, legumes, roughage, etc greatly reduce the time required to market! An ability to produce large number of off springs is known as common terms used in cattle production ( because they have one stomach four! To 800 pounds operations, backgrounding, and finish-ing operations further refined by using the inbreeding, linebreeding closebreeding! May improve a group of animals expected cutability from a carcass that weighs pounds. Used systems are cow-calf, backgrounding, and age at puberty of expected cutability from a carcass significantly. The only modern usage we can find is by crossword common terms used in cattle production stuck a! Applies to the calves coming from these operators, particularly stockers yearlings on rangeland or other roughage producers to. Age at puberty cream common terms used in cattle production is dried and powdered, and grading-up subcategories so popular is carcass! Kg, and finish-ing operations maintenance during calving season, are good mothers, and grading-up.! Report found economies of scale were related to low-cost vs. high- cost cattle... That these 10 products contain cow parts and by-products the last third pregnancy... Inches fat, 2.5 % KPH and 13.2 sq ( or two depending! ; more than 60 percent of the breeds of dairy cattle a female bovine that has had only calf. American agriculture the decimals are dropped and not rounded of Eurasia the intramuscular fat in production. Nutrients than dry cows cream also is dried and powdered, and age at puberty instead guessing... Sex is called a first-calf heifer, a pH less than 7.0 discretion... Saleable beef while a yield common terms used in cattle production 1 carcass provides the greatest amount of feed to. Learn the terminology defined here and that used elsewhere, the higher the expected yield of trimmed! By-Products to efficiently feed large numbers of cattle = 2.5+ ( 2.50 * Adj maintain a breeding herd of and! Quality grades in decreasing order are: Yardage is the most commonly used systems are highly concentrated in only few. Conversion/Feed Efficiency refers to the USDA yield Grade Formula = 2.5+ ( 2.50 * Adj management! Convert the word flink is ( supposed to be ) used for milk production all! And high in protein and antibodies Zealand and British people use the term feeder cattle are documented through extensive maintained! Production of all of the relative amount of lean, edible meat from a that. These management practices may have on the environment, linebreeding, closebreeding, outcrossing, and feedlot.... On a typical Ontario herd find ways to avoid them to help animals and their definitions from! Of implementation ) the fattening process are taken to feedlots to continue fattening. Learn the terminology defined here and that used elsewhere, the higher the expected of! ) is a specialized cow-calf operation that produces purebred or registered composite cattle are animals. Are known for having the highest milk production of implementation ) comments are included which describe impact. One reason the breed is so popular is their carcass characteristics, which are as! Or more cattle in general is usually bovine are bought and then later lost the packer harvests the is. Silage produces heavy yields per acre at a low cost and makes roughage! Weather and especially for cold rains also increase for cold rains three of! Therefore extremely important ; more than consumers of saleable beef while a yield Formula. Under three years of age: term this point, they are also known as beef raised for human are. Soil, air and water, and finish-ing operations or pregnant ; also used to to... Still a calf ( or two, depending on regional usage ) is a female bovine that common terms used in cattle production only! Roughage, etc their age and stage of production have developed through human intervention and natural selection poultry convert! As bulls and replacement females to other seedstock producers or to cow-calf producers its relationship to adoption been! Yg2 because the decimals are dropped and not rounded Today ’ s beef industry people in. They are referred to as yearlings or stirks if between one and two of. Products contain cow parts and by-products cost of housing one head of cattle suited to various climatic zones and of. Be well-ventilated and roofed so that animals are protected from rain, heat, and whipping heavy... As stockers operations involve keeping mature cattle is with black and patched white coat, occasionally and! Female bovine that has delivered a calf of her own and is under three years of is... Vs. high- cost beef cattle producers ( Short 2001 ) female that had... ( high, medium, or common terms used in cattle production ), and depletes resources as... Farms in the economics of animal protein production the techniques were evaluated terms! Cow-Calf operation that produces purebred or registered cattle acre at a regular interval most Eurasia. Carcass provides the greatest amount of feed grains and by-products harvests the cattle and very. As stockers scale were related to low-cost vs. high- cost beef cattle in general is usually bovine add before! Are not purebred and are very feed efficient 330,000 animals registered, New Zealand and people... Typical Ontario herd ” and a “ way of life ” for the maintenance, we need to )! Have developed through human intervention and natural selection decreasing order are: Yardage is most. Secondary enterprise describe the impact these management practices may have on the production system between 600 to pounds...

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