The "Vive La France" collection is available during the celebrations surrounding the introduction of the French battleship line beginning on 7 February 2018. She remained with only two rangefinders on the fore tower, and the rear mast was shortened. Initially two ships were ordered in 1935 in response to Italian orders for the Littorio-class battleships the previous year. A thinner upper armored deck had been considered, reducing its thickness to around 145 mm (5.7 in), instead of around 160 mm (6.3 in),[136] but there is no proof that such a decision was actually taken, beyond a S.T.C.N. The French Admiralty's wish – presented by Vice Admiral Fenard, Chief of the French Naval Mission – to complete the Jean Bart in U.S. shipyards was discussed during 1943. Due to the advance of German troops, Richelieu hastily left Brest bound for Dakar on 18 June 1940, having on board 250 shells but only 48 powder charges for her main battery. The Richelieu was a French battleship, a scaled-up version of the Dunkerque-class battleships and the lead ship of her class. Moreover, some cargo ships under British flag having been seized, Captain Marzin arranged that they were moored on either sides of Richelieu, but primarily on port, to protect the battleship from an aircraft torpedo attack, coming from North-East. To save weight, particularly in the heights, the anti-ship fire control system for the 152 mm (6.0 in) battery would have not been installed, but the two remaining fire control directors for the 152 mm (6.0 in) battery, on the aft tower and on the fore tower in the upper position, would have been fitted with a stereoscopic 8-meter (26 ft) OPL rangefinder. The rate of fire was 6.5 rounds per minute, against sea targets, and 5 rpm against aircraft. Her 152 mm (6.0 in) secondary battery was also not yet installed, and it was replaced by anti-aircraft machine guns. But the Achilles' heels of battleships facing torpedo attacks were their vitals that could not be protected, such as the shaft of the Richelieu at Dakar, on 8 July 1940, or the rudder of the Bismarck in May 1941. This 23,333-long-ton (23,707 t) battleship would have had a length of 213 metres (699 ft) and a 27.5-metre (90 ft) beam, two quad 305-millimetre (12.0 in)/55 turrets forward, three quad 130-millimetre (5.1 in) Dual Purpose (DP) turrets aft, a 30-knot (56 km/h; 35 mph) top speed, 230-millimetre (9.1 in) belt armor, and 150-millimetre (5.9 in) deck armor. [4], But the practicality of building battleships seemed very questionable as, during World War I, no decisive victory had resulted from a cataclysmic clash between battleships, unlike the Japanese victory of Tsushima more than 17 years earlier. [31][32] They are all superior to those for earlier battleships (such as the Dunkerque) or those given for the King George V-class battleships, (12,500 tons and 34.80%)[33] or for the Littorio-class battleships (13,600 tonnes (13,400 long tons) weight of armor and 36% of 37,750 tonnes (37,150 long tons) standard displacement). The components were the same, 22 meters (72 ft) trainable catapults operated with compressed air, which could launch a 3.5 tonnes (3.4 long tons) aircraft at 103 kilometres per hour (64 mph), and a recovery crane with a capacity of 4.5 tonnes (4.4 long tons). [50], The Richelieu, as designed, before the 1943 refit in New York, The Richelieu class had a planned standard displacement of 35,000 tons, equal to the Washington Treaty limit, with a main armament of eight 380 mm (15 in) guns in two quadruple turrets. [139], Richelieu at Dakar, in 1941; there were three fire control systems atop the fore tower and neutrality tricolor bands on turret II, The keel was laid down on 22 October 1935 in Brest. [63] This weight was: less than the 181 tonnes (178 long tons) barrel on the Yamato,[65] or the 130 long tons (132 t) barrel on the Nelson;[67] nearly the same weight as the 112 tonnes (110 long tons) barrel on the Nagato,[65] the 109 tonnes (107 long tons) barrel on the Bismarck,[71] the 107 long tons (109 t) barrel on the Iowa,[66] the 102 tonnes (100 long tons) barrel on Littorio,[64] or the 97 long tons (99 t) Queen Elizabeth barrel; and more than the 80 long tons (81 t) King George V barrel.[67]. Magenta(1861) – sank after interna… An equivalent speed had been reached with less power (144,000 hp) on HMS Hood,[110] but with a 262 meters (860 ft) hull, a 42,000 tonnes (41,000 long tons) displacement, and a ratio length/beam of 8; this was done without shipbuilding restraint or any displacement Treaty limit. As on the Dunkerque-class battleships, the systems provided raw target data to the transmitting station located beneath the armored decks, with continuous transmission to the director and the guns. [10], The Richelieu's main artillery turrets, with the 20 mm (0.79 in) AA Oerlikon guns fitted on the forecastle during the 1943 US refit, The designs for the two front turrets used on Dunkerque-class battleships were scaled up for the Richelieu, the resulting 2,476-tonne (2,437-long-ton) 1936-model quadruple turrets built by Saint-Chamond, were nearly 1,000 tonnes (984 long tons) more than the quadruple turrets of the Dunkerque or the triple turrets of the Littorio. [135] As the 152 mm (6.0 in) guns' magazines would have been be near the main artillery turrets' magazines, which would increase risks, the 152 mm (6.0 in) turrets' armor had to be improved. Initially, the French sought a reply to the Italian Trento-class cruisers of 1925, but all proposals were rejected. She joined the British Home Fleet, which was monitoring the large German warships remaining in Norway. French aircraft carrier PA2 (now cancelled) would potentially have been named Richelieu. It also appeared that the APC shells were effective in bombing concrete positions, but did not exploded and tended to bury themselves when they hit the ground. The Caquot dock could then be used for the second battleship to be laid down. Was she to be scrapped? [25][26], In 1927, studies were undertaken of 37,000-tonne (36,416-long-ton) battlecruisers. In April 1941, the ship was towed to sea to evaluate the propellant used by the battleship Richelieu during the Battle of Dakar on 24 September 1940. [198], The Jean Bart was overall an experimental battleship, never fully operational, mainly because of budget cuts but also because, when the Jean Bart was completed, the battleship was no longer the capital ship for the French Navy, since instead three aircraft carriers – the Arromanches, La Fayette, and Bois Belleau – operated during the 1950s in bombing support against land in Indochina, in Algeria, and during the Suez Crisis. The main turrets were protected with a 405 mm (15.9 in) thick armor on the barbette; 430 mm (17 in) armor on the faces, inclined to 30°; from 170 mm (6.7 in) to 195 mm (7.7 in) on the roof; 270 mm (11 in) on the turret I rear wall; and 260 mm (10 in) on the turret II rear wall. Giorgerini, Giorgio; Nani, Antonio (1973) (in Italian). Four turbo generators, each of 1,500 kilowatts (2,000 hp), were used; two were in the forward engine room, and the other two in a separate compartment directly abaft the main machinery spaces, adjacent to the magazines for the after 152 mm (6.0 in) turrets. Vice Admiral Jaujard, who was the Flag Officer, found that the antiquated command spaces of Richelieu were in no way up to the task, but did not succeed to obtain she was fitted with a new transmission center and combat information center. [23], The propulsion of the Richelieu was assured by six Indret boilers, and four Parsons turbines. [158] All these modifications increased her displacement by 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons). The horizontal turning speed was 12°/second, and the elevation speed was 8°/s. This page was last edited on 30 March 2016, at 21:58. [56][111] The Italian Littorio-class battleships reached 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) with a 230 meters (750 ft) hull and 140,000 hp. [172], The Jean Bart was laid down in December 1936; it was built in the large Caquot dock in Penhoët later named the "Jean Bart dock" and was expected to leave it in October 1940. Full RPC was fitted. [144][145] Mechanical trials began at the end of March 1940. [54], Vice Admiral Durand-Viel, the Chief of the Navy's General Staff, was very concerned about continuity between the Richelieu battleship class and the preceding Dunkerque battleship class (whose lead ship had been ordered only two years before), in order to reduce to a minimum planning and construction delays and to create homogeneous combat groups. [85], Six 37 mm (1.5 in) ACAD Model 1935 mountings would have been fitted, four abeam[Clarification needed], The most conspicuous difference in the Richelieu and Dunkerque profiles was the mounting of the fire control director system aft, not on a separate tower located behind the funnel, but on a kind of mack, so that the funnel opening came out obliquely aft underneath the control tower. [104], The Italian Littorio had a thicker armored belt (350 mm (14 in)) than the Richelieu, but otherwise they were less protected, with 350 mm (14 in) on the main artillery turrets, 260 mm (10 in) on the conning tower, 50 mm (2.0 in) on the upper armored deck and 100 mm (3.9 in) on the main deck. [87] Now with Task Force 63 of the East Indies Fleet, she joined in more bombardments of Sabang in April, and covering diversionary aerial attacks on Padang, in the southern coast of Sumatra, in reality covering aerial reconnaissance of the south Malayan coast as a preparatory step to landings scheduled for the autumn (Operation Sunfish, 9–20 April 1945). The reduction of 0.5 meters (1.6 ft) comparing with Dunkerque was necessary to accommodate three boilers side by side in the boiler rooms.[34]. Hand loaded using a six-round box magazine, the actual firing rate was 15 to 20 rpm; in the same time period, the British Pom Pom gun and the Swedish designed Bofors 40 mm/L60 gun had a 120 to 200 rpm firing rate. [178][179], After the French North Africa forces joined the Allies, Jean Bart was made seaworthy to be refitted with American help, as with the Richelieu. The crippled battleship was pumped out after a few days and made seaworthy for emergencies, and moored inside the Dakar harbor. 1 Basic 2 Upgrade 3 Quotes 3.1 Hourly Notifications (Kai) 3.2 Seasonal Quotes 4 Character 4.1 Appearance 4.2 Personality 5 Notes 6 Trivia 7 CG 8 See Also Richelieu Richelieu Class Fast Battleship Statistics HP 85 (87) Firepower 64 (94) Armor 72 (90) Torpedo 0 Evasion 36 (67) AA 22 (70) Aircraft 12 ASW 0 Speed Fast LOS 14 (50) Range Long Luck 22 (82) Resource … [56][57][1], The quadruple turret's major drawback was the risk of taking a single unlucky shot which would destroy one turret and cripple half the main battery; to help prevent this, the Dunkerque-class battleships' quadruple turrets had been divided internally, with a 25–40 mm (0.98–1.6 in) bulkhead to localize damage. [86] Due to the ruined state of the French dockyards, she sailed for Casablanca, where she arrived on 10 October 1944, for careening. This class followed the design of Dunkerque-class battleships, featuring eight 380 mm guns forward of the superstructure. This trial displacement would have been the equivalent of a standard Washington-Treaty displacement of 32,000–33,000-long-ton (32,514–33,530 t), near the maximum limit for battleship displacement fixed by the Treaty of Washington. For short range anti-aircraft defense, the French Navy had planned to develop for the Dunkerque-class battleships an automatic version (37 mm (1.5 in) ACAD Model 1935) of the 37 mm (1.5 in) semi-automatic anti-aircraft with twin mountings (CAD Model 1933); the latter had a theoretical firing rate of 30 to 40 rpm. But the aft lateral turrets' removal, which were on the Richelieu precisely on the frame 54.45,[69] would allow having a broader hangar. She alternated between training times, maneuvering with the aircraft carrier Arromanches (formerly HMS Colossus), when she joined the French Navy, officially visiting Portugal, in 1946,[95] and transporting the President of the French Republic for a visit in French West Africa colonies in 1947. [124], In June 1938, the French Admiralty's choice was tightly linked with the need to maximally use the shipyards where very large ships could be built. [116], During speed trials, in April 1940 developing 123,000 hp 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) were maintained with near 42,000 tonnes (41,000 long tons) displacement, and in June 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) were maintained for 3 hours and 30 minutes, with 43,800 tonnes (43,100 long tons) displacement and 155,000 hp, and 32.68 knots (60.52 km/h; 37.61 mph) were reached with 179,000 hp forcing[Clarification needed] 24 × 100 mm (3.94 in) in 12 CAD Modèle 1946, Belt: 330 mm (13.0 in) In November 1942, Allied forces successfully landed near Casablanca, Oran and Algiers, and the French forces in Morocco and Algeria, and those that escaped the German forces landing in Tunisia, joined the Allies. It was submitted to the Minister 14 August, accepted on 31 August, and laid down 22 October 1935 to become Richelieu. The maximum of nine guns corresponded to a battery of three triple turrets, as announced by the Stefani News agency for the new Italian battleships. These considerations lead to a planned displacement of about 23,000–25,000-tonne (22,637–24,605-long-ton), which fit the maximum displacement that the United Kingdom proposed in the naval armament limitations negotiations. [151] Her anti-aircraft artillery was very weak. Gascogne never laid down – cancelled. It would be surpassed only on U.S. Navy Iowa-class battleships in 1943–1944. The German Reichsmarine had ordered two units similar to the Deutschland, namely the Admiral Scheer and Admiral Graf Spee, which outgunned all existing heavy cruisers. France decided to respect the limitations of 35,000 tons and 380 mm (15 in) as long as no continental European power had broken them. Placed in the reserve fleet in 1958, she was in 1968 decommissioned and sold to Italian ship scrappers. [20], The French Admiralty, under Vice Admiral Salaün, discussed in 1926–1927 ships designed as cruiser killers; these would be able to outgun and outrun the Italian heavy cruisers, which were considered the main threat against the waterborne connections between France and North Africa. On November 10, her 380 mm (15 in) turret having been overhauled, Jean Bart almost hit the USS Augusta, the Task Force 34 flagship. [44] Heavier than the Dunkerque-class battleships 31,800-long-ton (32,310 t) with the hull dimensions of the Ersatz Yorck-class battlecruiser (projected in 1915), they were strongly armored with a 350 mm (14 in) belt and deck armor equivalent to the later King George V class and Bismarck class battleship classes. Bombers from the aircraft carrier USS Ranger soon inflicted severe damage on her, two heavy bombs hitting the bow and the stern, and the battleship settled into the harbor mud with decks awash. [88], Richelieu refitted at Durban from 18 July to 10 August,[89] where the boilers which had been often emitting black smoke, during her Indian Ocean campaigns, were overhauled. She returned via Diego Suarez to Trincomalee, where she arrived on 18 August, learning of the Japanese surrender on 15 August. But time was missing to create a design for a truly new heavier battleship class. In these late days of June 1940, at Dakar, the authorities, Léon Cayla, Gouverneur Général de l'A.O.F., highest administrative authority in French West Africa, Rear Admiral Plançon, Flag Officer, French Navy West Africa, or the town authorities, were prone to continue to fight against Germany, together with the British: the aircraft carrier HMS Hermes was moored in the inner harbour. Thirty-nine months between laying down and launching was not an impressive performance, as two years only had been necessary for Strasbourg, or King George V and Prince of Wales which were laid down on 1 January 1937 and launched respectively in February and May 1939, or Vittorio Veneto and Littorio laid down on 28 October 1934, and launched on 25 July and 22 August 1937. [29] This figure may be compared to those given for the Dunkerque, 35.9%, or the Strasbourg, 37.3%, with a 30,750 tonnes (30,260 long tons) or 31,570 tonnes (31,070 long tons) normal displacement. When Germany laid down the two Bismarck -class battleships in November 1935 and June 1936, France ordered the second Richelieu, Jean Bart. [184][185], It is known that the British aircraft carrier HMS Eagle, laid down in 1942 and launched in 1946, with a displacement of 38,600 long tons (39,200 t) (46,000 long tons (47,000 t) full load), was by then designed for accommodating 80 planes. [39][40] In early 1932, the project was approved by the Parliament committees, and the Minister of Defence (François Pietri) successfully included it in the 1932 Estimates. Three ships in two subclasses were laid down, all of these had the main turrets in forward superfiring positions, while a fourth unit was planned with one turret forward and the other aft. When F-country was defeated in 1940s, the unfinished Richelieu arrived at Dakar on 15 June to avoid capture by G-country. She arrived at Trincomalee, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) on 10 April 1944, in time to join the attack by Task Force 65 on Sabang on 19 April (Operation Cockpit) and on Surabaya in May 1944 (Operation Transom); she also served in Operations Councillor and Pedal, in June. [189], The Jean Bart was officially commissioned on 16 January 1949, but the anti-aircraft short range artillery, twelve 100 mm (3.9 in) dual mountings and fourteen Bofors licensed 57 mm (2.2 in) dual mountings, was not fitted before 1952–1953. Consequently, the aft 152 mm (6.0 in) turret on the center line, turret VII, was on frame 68.85[lower-alpha 10] on the Richelieu, versus on frame 44.30, on the Dunkerque, as the aft lateral secondary turrets were respectively on frame 54.45, versus 53.30. Just some stored parts and material would have been declared war booty and registered as Battleship S.[203], French naval ship classes of World War II, Responding to the German pocket battleships, This infrastructure would have been new building docks or slipways, since the longest one the Navy Yards then had was only 200 meters (660 ft) long, and, It was thought, then, that in the early phase of a gun engagement, it was necessary to have quickly straddling salvoes, and this was supposed easier with four-shell salvoes, than with three-shell ones, as a salvo was generally fired, at this moment of the battle, with half the guns of the broadside, The world's heaviest turrets would be: the three 460 mm (18.1 in) gun turrets on the, The frames, in the French Navy, are numbered, by the distance in meters from the ship's stern, Turret VII was abaft turrets V and VI on the, The port catapult was on frame 9, and the starboard catapult on frame 24. In April 1941, the ship was towed to sea to evaluate the propellant used by the battleship Richelieu during the Battle of Dakar on 24 September 1940. [23] The Italian Littorio had a thicker armored belt (350 mm (14 in)) than the Richelieu, but otherwise they were less protected, with 350 mm (14 in) on the main artillery turrets, 260 mm (10 in) on the conning tower, 50 mm (2.0 in) on the upper armored deck and 100 mm (3.9 in) on the main deck. [177] These magazines' armor weakness was known, and was intended to be corrected on the Gascogne. [28], On Richelieu, the armor weight was 16,045 tonnes (15,792 long tons) and corresponded to 39.2% of the total weight, for a 40,927 tonnes (40,281 long tons) normal displacement, with 2,905 tonnes (2,859 long tons) of fuel (half of full load). 1.3. The shells to be used against sea targets were Semi Armored Piercing (SAP) shells with a dye bag, registered in the French Navy as OPfK Model 1931, weighing 56 kilograms (123 lb), or 57.1 kilograms (126 lb) for the OPfK Model 1937. In May 1940, it was decided that the uncompleted battleship had to be sent to a safer place in Britain or in French Africa, beyond the Luftwaffe's range. [49], During speed trials, in April 1940 developing 123,000 hp 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) were maintained with near 42,000 tonnes (41,000 long tons) displacement, and in June 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) were maintained for 3 hours and 30 minutes, with 43,800 tonnes (43,100 long tons) displacement and 155,000 hp, and 32.68 knots (60.52 km/h; 37.61 mph) were reached with 179,000 hp forcing[Clarification needed] It appeared that the previous French proposals' armament might be retained and that the speed might be no more than 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), but the most important feature was that the armor had to be thicker to resist 280-millimetre (11 in) shells. As the modern Italian battleships were then interned in the Great Bitter Lake, after the armistice between Italy and the Allies, a modern battleship was no longer needed in the Mediterranean. Magenta class 6,715 tons. Soon after, she was based in Brest. Some days later, the Stefani news agency announced the laying down of two 35,000-long-ton (35,562 t) battleships,[39] armed with nine 381 mm (15.0 in) guns;[47] in October 1935 these received the names of Littorio and Vittorio Veneto. [3], Germany was not subject to the Washington Treaty limitations, but instead to the more stringent Treaty of Versailles restrictions. 2 turret, due to premature explosion of the shells. After 1946, she had the classic existence of a warship during peacetime, alternating between training times and such tasks as, maneuvering with the aircraft carrier Arromanches  – formerly HMS Colossus – when she joined the French Navy, taking the President of the French Republic for a visit to the French West Africa colonies in 1947 or officially visiting Portugal. The 380 mm (15 in) shell was 1.905 meters (6.25 ft) long and weighed 884 kilograms (1,949 lb), less than the 406 mm (16.0 in) USS Massachusetts' shell (1,224 kilograms (2,698 lb)),[66] that glancingly hit the Jean Bart at the battle of Casablanca (1942), and some kilos more than the weight of the 381 mm (15.0 in) shells of HMS Barham or HMS Resolution (875 kilograms (1,929 lb)),[67] that lightly damaged the Richelieu at the battle of Dakar (1940). [115], The maximum fuel load for peace-time cruising was 5,866 tonnes (5,773 long tons), but in wartime this figure was reduced to 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) to maximize the underwater protection system's effectiveness, since filling the liquid loading compartments to the brim created additional pressure on bulkheads instead of absorbing the pressure of explosion. 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With 4-meter ( 13 ft ) maximum range against sea targets, with loading at every elevation possible... A comparison with other battleships is more difficult the anti-surface battery by matt_atknsn on Shapeways meantime after severe destruction... Two ships were essentially scaled-up versions of the No 123,000 shp who had been laid down on May. ( in fr ) was laid down in 1938 a warship during peacetime result, but all proposals rejected... Classic existence of a wiki french battleship richelieu type, so-called Suralimenté meaning pressure-fired ( and thus abbreviation! Built between 1922–1927 with three triple 16-inch turrets forward, were ever completed July in. Penfentenyo de Kervérégen concluded there had been a mistake in the fitting-out basin ; however on...

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